Fenofibrate is primarily used to manage and treat abnormal levels of lipids in the blood, specifically high cholesterol and high triglycerides. Its main purpose is to reduce the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, which are often referred to as "bad" cholesterols because they contribute to plaque buildup in arteries. Fenofibrate also works to lower triglycerides, a type of fat found in the blood, and to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol, which helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries.
By modulating these lipid levels, fenofibrate helps to prevent the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup. This, in turn, reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Fenofibrate achieves these effects by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), which plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism, including the breakdown and elimination of triglycerides from the bloodstream.
Fenofibrate is often prescribed when lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, have not been sufficient to bring lipid levels within a healthy range. It is typically used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes dietary adjustments, regular physical activity, and weight management. The medication may be used alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering agents, such as statins, to achieve the desired lipid levels.
Patients taking fenofibrate need regular monitoring to assess the medication's effectiveness and to check for potential side effects. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues, elevated liver enzymes, and muscle pain. In rare cases, more serious side effects such as myopathy or liver damage can occur. It is important for patients to communicate with their healthcare provider about any side effects and to have routine blood tests to ensure safe and effective treatment.