Methotrexate is a medication commonly used to treat various conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and certain types of cancer. While it is effective for these conditions, it can also cause a range of side effects, which vary in severity and frequency among individuals. Here are some common side effects associated with methotrexate:
Gastrointestinal Effects: These can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. Taking methotrexate with food or adjusting the dosage schedule can sometimes help mitigate these symptoms.
Liver Toxicity: Methotrexate can affect liver function, leading to elevated liver enzymes. Regular monitoring of liver function tests is typically recommended to detect any abnormalities early.
Mouth Sores: Some individuals may experience ulcers or sores in the mouth or throat.
Fatigue: Feeling tired or lethargic is a common side effect of methotrexate.
Headaches: Headaches or dizziness may occur, particularly when starting the medication or with dose adjustments.
Skin Reactions: Methotrexate can cause skin rash or hair loss in some people.
Bone Marrow Suppression: This can lead to decreased production of blood cells, resulting in anemia (low red blood cells), leukopenia (low white blood cells), or thrombocytopenia (low platelets).
Pulmonary Effects: Rarely, methotrexate can cause lung problems such as interstitial pneumonitis or pulmonary fibrosis.
Mood Changes: Some individuals may experience mood swings or irritability.
It's important to note that the occurrence and severity of these side effects can vary widely among patients. Healthcare providers typically monitor patients closely when starting methotrexate and adjust the dosage as needed to minimize side effects while maximizing its therapeutic benefits. Patients are advised to report any new or worsening symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly.
Due to its potential for side effects and interactions with other medications, methotrexate should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider experienced in its use. Regular monitoring and open communication with your healthcare team are essential for safe and effective management of this medication.